Analog Technology

• 26 hrs lectures
• 12 hrs exercises
• 14 hrs laboratories
• 12 hrs pc labs

The nature of the subject will make it possible for students to acquire a practical approach to the design of analog circuits of most diverse types. Having completed the course, students will be able to:
design basic transistor structures with bipolar and unipolar transistors,
explain the internal structure of operational amplifiers and other analog integrated circuits,
design basic linear circuits with operational amplifiers,
design the required transfer function of active filters,
describe the function of non-linear circuits with operational amplifiers,
understand the applications of operational amplifiers in function generators, voltage stabilizers and in A/D and D/A converters.

To obtain basic knowledge of applying analog technology in the broadest sense, i.e. from simple building blocks with diodes, bipolar and unipolar transistors up to the application of integrated analog circuits in concrete applications

Knowledge on the level of the fundamentals of electrical engineering is required, in particular Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s laws; students must be able to analyse simple passive circuits, they must know the function of semiconductor diode, the function of bipolar and unipolar transistors.

• SEDRA , A. S.; SMITH, K. C.: Microelectronic Circuits. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1998
• WINDER , S.: Filter design. Bidless, Oxford 1998
• RAUT, R.; Swamy, M.N.S.: Modern Analog Filter Analysis And Design, Wiley Verlag, 2005
• FEUCHT, D.: Designing High - performance amplifiers. SciTech Publishing, 2010

• VRBA, K.; MIŠUREC, J. Technika analogových obvodů. Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Nakladatelství VUTIUM, 2020. 423 s. ISBN: 978-80-214-5901-4. https://dspace.vutbr.cz/handle/11012/195807
• TIETZE, Ulrich a SCHENK, Christph a GAMM, Eberhard.: Electronic circuits: Handbook for design and application. New York: Springer, 2008, ISBN: 978-354004295

Lectures:
1. Basic knowledge and methods of solving linear analog circuits (repetition): passive elements, elementary circuits, voltage and current sources, linear circuits basic methods of solution, interconnection of transfer blocks
2. Basic building blocks of analog circuits: circuits with diodes, with reference diodes, with bipolar and unipolar transistors, reference sources of voltage and current, current mirrors
3. Structure of operational amplifiers: differential amplifiers, examples of operational amplifiers with bipolar and unipolar transistors, OTA amplifiers, etc.
4. Parameters of operational amplifiers and their influence on basic applications: final gain, differential and common mode input impedance, output impedance, voltage offset, input bias currents, drift, noise, frequency response, step response, slew rate
5. Linear circuits with operational amplifiers: inverting, non-inverting, summing and differential circuits, bridge circuits, controlled voltage and current sources, DC reference voltage and current sources, integrator, derivator, AC amplifiers
6. Passive and active frequency filters: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters, frequency characteristics approximation, design of second-order filters, higher order filters
7. Non-linear circuits: diode limiters and diode function transducers, logarithmic and exponential converters, operational rectifiers
8. Circuits with electronic switches: analog multiplexers and demultiplexers, amplifiers with adjustable gain, electronic choppers, S/H and T/H circuits
9. Power supplies: power rectifiers, voltage stabilizers, integrated stabilizers, symmetrical tracking stabilizers
10. Comparators: parameters, window comparators, comparators with hysteresis
11. Generators: oscillators, functional generators, multivibrators

1. Design and properties of reference sources with a diode, Zener diode, with transistor, integrated reference sources
2. Constant current source with transistor, current mirror, current source with FET, common-emitter amplifier
3. Design of simple differential operational amplifier (OA), inverting amplifier with OA and the influence of real properties of OA to its the performance
4. Non-inverting amplifier with OA and its properties, design of precision instrumentation amplifier, precision current source
5. Design of active filters: 2nd- and 6th-order low-pass filter, 2nd-order high-pass and band-pass filter
6. Design of electronic chopper, design of amplifier with electronically controllable gain, full-wave rectifier with opamps, design of voltage supply source with integrated stabilizer

1. - 2. Individual design, construction, debugging and measurement of frequency filters with operational amplifiers
3. - 4. Individual design, construction, debugging and measurement of a diode function converter
5. - 6. Individual design, construction, debugging and measurement of circuits with comparators
7. End-of-course evaluation of the assignments realized

1. DC analysis and its importance in analogue circuit design
2. AC analysis and its importance in analogue circuit design
3. Transient analysis and its importance in analogue circuit design
4. Sensitivity analysis and its importance in analogue circuit design
5. Active elements models, level based definition
6. Identification of errors in the designed analogue circuit

Requirements for the completion of a course are specified by a regulation issued by the lecturer responsible for the course and updated every year.
In each type of exercise, students can obtain up to 10 points, i.e. a total of up to 30 points for exercises. The examination proper is a written examination and students can obtain up to 70 points. The examination is focused on the students’ ability to orient themselves in the design of basic analog circuits and to analyse more complex analog structures.

Techning methods include lectures, computer laboratories and practical laboratories. Course is taking advantage of e-learning (Moodle) system

Laboratory lessons and computer exercises are obligatory. Justified absence from laboratory lessons or computer exercises can be made up after prior arrangement with the instructor, usually in the credit week.